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The New Trends and Education2

The first function of the mind is to synthesize the sensorial impressions so that the individual may acquire an intelligent experience of the so-called. outer world. In this regard. the mind can be considered. as a sixth sense, a common sense, that coordinates and interprets the messages transmitted by the other five.
The second function is to collect information, to render the fruits of the experience of humanity one's own, and thus to avail oneself of the cultural inheritance of the past. This goal is reached through study, and the imparting of this kind of knowledge was the principal task of the teachers of the past.
The third., and higher type of mental activity is that which elaborates the material gathered during the preceding phases, coordinates it, draws conclusions and applies them; this may be called. to think or to reflect.
The fourth function of the mind is to be receptive to intuitions, to understand and interpret them with accuracy, and then to formulate them with precision.
The fifth is the creative function. The dynamic and creative power of thought discovered recently -- (it would be more exact to say "rediscovered") is being more and more acknowledged and put to use, but it is being used. especially for the attainment of personal goals (the achievement of wealth success etc.). One of the tasks of the new education will be to train the individual in the use of techniques. that harness this power for constructive goals and for the service of humanity.

The New Trends and Education

1. Dynamism and a Positive Viewpoint

The close interrelationship between these two trends permits us to deal with them together. Both are the incentives of the "active methods" of the new education and are evident in it. These include:
Direct contact with nature and with living beings :earth, water, plants, animals, and related activities...to sow, cultivate and raise domestic animals.
Specific material for didactic purposes (Frobel, Montessori, Decroly, etc.), or objects, tools and machines for general use.
Cooperation in family activities and the carrying out of domestic chores.
The execution of set projects (for example, a school building was constructed by a group of teachers and students in a mountainous region. of the USA, using tree trunks. Work makes them use their intelligence and acquire a vast field of concepts and many manual capabilities.)
Group activities of various kinds experiments and training in self-government of the school community, etc. All this can be put into the general formula: LEARN BY DOING EDUCATION THROUGH ACTIVE TRAINING.

The Educational Crisis

The distinction between the two concepts offers us the key to understanding the crisis now existing in the field of education.

The concept of "imparting something from the outside", along with the corresponding traits of authority and control on the teacher's side and the imposition of programs, is in direct contrast to the tendencies now rapidly coming to the fore.

The above-mentioned contrast has produced a revolution against traditional educational methods. New methods shifting the "center of gravity" from the teacher to the pupil, have teen proposed and put into practice.

Psychoanalysis, with its emphasis on the harmful effects of repression and censure, has also substantially contributed to this radical change. Thus, great progress has been made; children and young people are now treated with more understanding and are given greater opportunities to develop more freely. That the revolution in the field of education (as what almost always happens with revolutions) has gone too far, arriving at the opposite extreme in some cases. The elimination of all discipline, every rule, all help on the teacher's part has produced. results that are undesirable and at times, even disastrous, both within the family and at school; disorder, anarchy, lack of self discipline, and violent behavior have been its effects. Furthermore, the fact that has most astounded the "reformers" has been that this regime of freedom without limits has proven unnatural; they have come to realize that even the children themselves do not want it and often ask for guidance, precise rules, a. certain amount of discipline and order, and that they most of all want "models" and living examples. 'That this fact should not be surprising. It has been found that even adults find it difficult to bear freedom, and while they often fight to obtain it, they basically do not really want it; they are ready to give it up and even seek to run. away from it. This paradoxical behavior helps us understand many recent events and has been pointed out in Erich Fromm's books Escape From Freedom(amongst others).

The poor results caused by exaggerated applications of the new educational methods have given rise to a counter reaction, but this has not solved. the problem. All attempts to return to the "good old methods of the past" are in fain. and are destined to fail, both due to the fact that those methods were not really "good", and because their imposition has been rendered impossible given the profound changes that have occurred in the psychology of the new generation and in the environmental conditions. In the meantime, the rapid increase in the number of students, the tumultuous extension of "mass education" in the form of compulsory education (something which is both desirable and necessary), and the resulting scarcity of competent teachers and adequate schools, have created. new and serious difficulties and complications. All this explains the current crisis in the field of education, where the old and the new are found in different proportions, side by side, and often, in sharp contrast with one another. The more enlightened educators have recently recognized the need of finding a "middle road" and have been carrying out experiments in this direction. This is constructive and promising progress. But to arrive at truly satisfactory methods, one must take into full consideration the new tendencies emerging today, tendencies that continue to characterize, more and more, the future direction.

What has been said until now indicates how important it is to discern and to establish the main lines along which an education adequate to the new conditions and needs, must be developed. But first let us specifically deal with the defect considered most serious in present- day education., that is, the excessive importance given to scholastic education and the consequent relative lack of education in the family, thus giving rise to serious deficiencies. In part, this is due to the already mentioned confusion. between "instruction" and true education, and in part to the real difficulties which exist in carrying out an adequate family education. These are made worse by the present conditions which often deprive children of the attention. and cooperation that is their due. This is particularly true for the father because his time and energies are very often absorbed by the pressing demands of supporting his family. But the deep conviction that children cannot do without an adequate education within the heart of the family, and that it is their right to receive it, should induce all parents. to face those difficulties and to seek seriously to overcome them.

The great and often decisive importance attributed by psychoanalysts to the first years of life and to their imprint on the future personality, has been acknowledged by many educators. N:ot only do traumatic experiences, brought to light by psychoanalytic research, seriousl7 hinder all future development and the formation of the personality, but so does the lack of certain, indispensable positive elements, such as love, understanding, training, guidance, an a sense of security as well.

The Meaning of Education (Semantics)

The Meaning of Education (Semantics)

The first thing we must do in order to approach our subject (as must be done in dealing with any topic) is to define its true nature and meaning in clear terms; i.e. to make a. terminological (semantic) specification. It is particularly necessary to do this in the case of education so that we may become aware of the existence of a basic misunderstanding, or confusion that must be eliminated.

Education has often been considered as synonymous to "instruction," i.e. the imparting of knowledge and information. Up until a short time ago and even now) the majority of schools of all levels has aimed, more or less openly, at such a goal, and has intended to carry out such a function. That education, in the true meaning of the word, is something quite different, something that is much more inclusive, and that in a certain sense, even has the opposite meaning!

Instruction means to infuse, to put something in that is lacking, to fill a. vacuum. The etymological meaning of the word "education", however, means to "draw out" (from the Latin "educere")...to lead, to draw out that which is within; i.e. to bring to light what is hidden, to render actual what is only potential, to develop.

It also. means to draw out of conditions that limit; in other words, it is the favoring of a process of growth. Of course, education also includes the imparting of ideas, but this must be seen only as a first step or stage, as an instrument or necessary means, and not as an end in itself. Both aspects and concepts are included in the common usage of the word "education", and this easily creates confusion and misunderstandings. It would, therefore, be useful to distinguish between them and to always specify, for example, by using the terms "informative education" and "formative education".

Colleges of Pakistan

Colleges of Pakistan




AAZAM College of Technology
Suite D-4, Fourth Floor, Osif Centre, Block 13-A, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, University Road, Karachi-75300



AIMC - Allama Iqbal Medical College
Faisal Town



Aiou
Sukhekemandi(newmandi)



Aitchison College
Aitchison College, Upper Mall, Lahore



AL-HABIB COLLEGE
35-C PEOPLES COLONY NO.1 FAISALABAD



Al-Rehman Computer & Science Lab
Bukhari Town, Ghafoorabad Road, Chiniot



Allied College Of Textile Management & Administrate
Actma-2-A, Johaar Town, Shaukat Ali Road, Akber Chowk, Lahore



Altus College
56-Lawrance Road, Lahore



American International College
D-86/1,Street 15 Allama Shafi Nomani Road



Aptech
A Tipu Block New Garden Town, Lahore



Arabic Girls College For Islamic Studies
R-803, Sector 9, North Karachi, Near Disco More



Asexcollege
Porn sex



Askari College
Askari College 70-A/E1, Gulberg III



AW COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Near akhram shaeed park shandar chock



AW COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Near akhram shaeed park shandar chock



Axis Group of Colleges
Peoples Colony No. 1



Ayub Medical College
Ayub Medical College ,Abbottabad



Bahria College
N.O.R.E.-1,M.T.Khan Road



Beaconhouse National University
3-C Zafar Ali Road, Gulberg , Lahore



Boston College Of Management Sciences
Main khara road kasur



Bright College of Sciences
Old, board Allah-O-Akbar Colony Saidu Sharif Swat



Cadet College Kot Addu
Kot addu



Chiltan College of Business & Commerce
Masjid Road



City College of Higher Education
254 Catholic Colony Off M.A.Jinnah Road



College Of Accounting And Managment Sciences
109 Gulshan-e-Faisal,Clifton



College Of Business Management
PAF Base, Korangi Creek.

Universities of Pakistan

Agha Khan University
Stadium Road



Agriculture University
Agriculture University,Faisalabad



Agriculture University Peshawar
NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar , Pakistan Peshawar



Air University
PAF Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad



AL-KHAIR UNIVERSITY
B-30 Block 13 Gulshan-e-Iqbal



Al-Khair University - College of Global Technologies
539/C, Westridge 1,



Allama Iqbal Open University
H-8, Islamabad



ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
Sector H-8, Islamabad-Pakistan



Bahauddin Zakariya University
Bahauddin Zakariya University,Multan



Bahauddin Zakariya University
Bahauddin Zakariya University,Multan



Bahria Institutes of Management & Com. Sci.
---, Islamabad



Balochistan University of Info. Tech.& Mang. Sci
Airport Road, Bulali, Quetta



Baqai Medical University
Baqai Chowk, Near Toll Plaza, Super Highway.



BZ University College of Engineering & Technology
BZ University College of Engineering & Technology , Multan



CECOS University
F-5, Phase-6, Hayatabad, Peshawar



COMSATS
M.A.Jinnah Building Defense Road,Off Raiwind Road Lahore



COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Plot # 30, Sector H-8, Islamabad



Department of Earth Sciences
UNviersty of sargodha



European University
33-Industrial Area, Gulberg III, Lahore



Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sci. and Tech.
Sector G-7/1, Islamabad



Foundation University
Foundation University, Islamabad



GC
Iqbal town faisalabad



GIFT University
Near Lohinawala Bypass, Gujranwala



Govt. College University
Main City, Faisalabad


Universities of Pakistan
Greenwich Universty
DK-10, 38th Street, Darakshan, Phase Vl, Defence Housing Authoriy



Hajvery University
43/44 indestrial Area ,Gulberg 3, Lahore





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